Once your money is in the plan, it needs somewhere to go. Unlike a personal brokerage account where you can invest in nearly anything, a 403(b) limits your choices to what your employer and their selected vendors make available. For people closer to retirement, understanding these options — and their costs — matters a great deal.
Most plans offer two main investment types:
Annuities
An annuity is a contract between you and an insurance company. Inside a 403(b), you may encounter three types:
Annuities within 403(b) plans have historically come with higher fees than mutual fund options. If your plan includes annuities, be sure to read the fine print on surrender charges, which are fees you pay if you want to move your money before a set period ends.
Mutual Funds
A mutual fund pools money from many investors and invests it across stocks, bonds, or a mix of both. They are held directly inside your 403(b) and tend to be more straightforward to understand and compare. Target-date funds, which automatically shift toward more conservative investments as you approach a specific retirement year, are a common mutual fund option that many people in their 50s and 60s find useful.1
Some plans also offer a self-directed brokerage option that includes ETFs (exchange-traded funds, which are similar to mutual funds but trade on a stock exchange) and other investments. This is not common, but if your plan offers it, your plan contact can walk you through what is available.
No single investment type is automatically better than another — but as you get closer to retirement, the balance between growth potential and stability typically shifts. It is worth reviewing what your plan offers and whether your current allocation still fits where you are headed.
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